Affirmitive Action Reverse Discrimination Free Essays

string(121) for 200 seats which implied that some certified understudies were dismissed to clear a path for less Baker 5 qualified minorities. Cook 1 Jennifer Baker Reverse Discrimination Even however subjugation has not been a piece of America for longer than a century at this point, racial segregation despite everything exists in different pieces of our way of life. A dubious arrangement known as governmental policy regarding minorities in society was acquainted in the 1960’s with attempt to advance racial equity in the public eye. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society should give minorities an equivalent possibility in life by requiring minority business, advancements, school acknowledgment, and so forth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Affirmitive Action: Reverse Discrimination or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now From the outset this seems like an ideal answer for racial separation, however as a general rule it is segregation in turn around. The term â€Å"affirmative action† was first utilized in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy in an official request intended to empower racially blended work powers. He expressed that contractual workers should â€Å"take governmental policy regarding minorities in society to guarantee that candidates are utilized regardless of race, statement of faith, shading, or national source. † (Affirmative Action) Then in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed which restricted work separation dependent on race or sex. The Civil Rights activists kept on argueing that minorities weren’t going to have the option to rival the more qualified candidates in the wake of having languished segregation over so long. So in 1969 President Nixon made it a government strategy that a specific level of minorities must be recruited in the work environment. Rapidly agreed Baker 2 activity changed from being an approach that guaranteed equivalent chance to being one that gave uncalled for points of interest to minorities. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society has stayed questionable consistently, winding up all through the courts. One of the most celebrated cases was Fullilove versus Klutznick, which occurred in 1980. The decision expressed that saving 10 percent of the employing for minorities was sacred. Luckily in 1996 suggestion 209 was passed in California which finished governmental policy regarding minorities in society all through the state. This was certainly a discovery, yet the impacts of governmental policy regarding minorities in society despite everything wait. Numerous organizations companies despite everything offer inclination to minorities regardless of whether they are less qualified. Managers dread that claims will be recorded expressing that candidates were turned down as a result of their race. Famous creator and political extremist Nathan Glazer, has been against governmental policy regarding minorities in society since its start. Glazer accepts that the olicy became disputable when it went past the thoughts of the Civil Rights Act and began expecting businesses to enlist or advance a specific number of minority candidates or representatives. So as to ensure that governmental policy regarding minorities in society was occurring, bureaucratic courts began upholdin g â€Å"quotas† or â€Å"goals† for explicit quantities of minority employing. On the off chance that these were met, claims dependent on racial segregation would be less legitimate. Says Glazer, â€Å"Affirmative activity has gotten a matter of defining factual objectives or amounts by race for employment†¦ the desires for partial blindness that was Dough puncher 3 vital in the 1960’s has been supplanted by an inflexible casing of numerical necessities. †(Glazer, 6) Those who restrict amounts and objectives are supposed to be opposers of the Civil Rights Act, despite the fact that the governmental policy regarding minorities in society of today isn't what the Civil Rights Act exemplified. Glazer thinks about the distortion of the Civil Rights Act to the integration of schools. In 1954, the Supreme Court decided that isolated schools were illegal. The possibility of racially incorporated schools, as racially coordinated working environments, is a great one. Be that as it may, the integration of schools has made transporting a need. Transporting, in spite of the fact that not being used today, is when understudies are moved to another school for motivations behind racial incorporation. It is exorbitant to run all the transports and the driving is challenging for the understudies. Those restricting transporting are said to concur with the isolation of schools. (Glazer, 10) The integration of schools was likewise referenced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. At first this appeared to be a reasonable proposition, however similarly as governmental policy regarding minorities in society got negative in the work environments, coordinating minorities in schools transformed into numerical necessities. Would you be able to envision transporting programs being utilized over the United States today? The alarming truth is that once one of these thoughts is received in one city, some other city would then be able to stick to this same pattern. For instance, if Santa Cruz County were allowed the option to require a 15 percent Hispanic understudy enlistment in every secondary school inside the district lines, some other city could likewise try this thought dependent on point of reference. The task of understudies Baker 4 dependent on race would cause an interminable stream of irate guardians. Luckily transporting is previously, however governmental policy regarding minorities in society despite everything has its hooks in the educational system. Half a month prior I was viewing an hour section about a white young lady who had recorded a claim against the University of Michigan asserting that they didn't acknowledge her in light of her race. She had moved on from secondary school with a high GPA and had given it her best shot to get equipped for acknowledgment, yet she was denied confirmation. Further examination demonstrated that the University of Michigan does in certainty concede understudies dependent on race. When understanding applications, they grant focuses as indicated by models. For instance, on the off chance that one composes a decent paper he is granted 1 point and on the off chance that he is a minority he is granted 20 focuses. Something is awry. Is being a minority is multiple times more significant than one’s insightful accomplishments? The University’s contention is that understudies learn better in a racially different condition. UC Davis is another model. In 1988 just 40 percent of Davis’ green bean class had been acknowledged exclusively based on merit. While whites or Asian-Americans required in any event a 3. 7 GPA in secondary school to be acknowledged, most minority candidates were acknowledged despite the fact that they satisfied a lot of lower guidelines. Sixty-six percent of the whites graduated while just twenty-seven percent of blacks did. Indeed, even as of late as 1997 one was bound to get acknowledged into UCLA in the event that he were dark or Hispanic than if he were white. The minority understudies had both lower GPA’s and grades. There were 5000 candidates for 200 seats which implied that some certified understudies were dismissed to clear a path for less Baker 5 qualified minorities. You read Affirmitive Action: Reverse Discrimination in class Papers (Chances of Admission) This doesn't seem like an equivalent society. In 1995 the University of California framework casted a ballot to end all governmental policy regarding minorities in society in confirmations. At the point when the progressions produced results in 1998, minority enlistment went down radically. This appears to be biased, yet in actuality it is reasonable and permits rivalry between the best, paying little mind to race. Everybody has an equivalent chance to get training. Government funded schools are free and it is obligatory that youngsters go to them. Any understudy can exploit their initial 12 years of instruction and win the GPA that will pick up them induction into a school. On the off chance that an understudy is naturally introduced to a poor family there are grants and understudy credits accessible. Malcom X is an ideal case of somebody deciding to ascend and get instruction. From the get-go in his life he settled on incautious decisions and wound up a pimp. At the point when he was gotten and tossed behind bars he chose to start instructing himself. The sum total of what he had was a word reference yet he utilized that word reference and duplicated down each page. He went from being an uneducated road pimp to an exceptionally powerful political pioneer. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society wasn’t around in Malcom’s time, yet today everyone thinks about it or has in any event heard the term utilized. The first occasion when I caught wind of governmental policy regarding minorities in society was the point at which my sibling originally began working at Ralph’s general store. There was a dark lady working there who was moderate and useless. One day my sibling asked a kindred worker for what good reason the woman didn’t lose her employment and he stated, â€Å"She’s here for governmental policy regarding minorities in society reasons. † It worked out that at whatever point the woman was planned for a move, another Baker 6 specialist was likewise booked just to compensate for the wastefulness of the dark woman. My brother’s supervisor dreaded a claim on the off chance that he terminated her. This is absurd! It is an expensive course of action and unjustifiable to the woman employed just to take up slack for somebody else’s lethargy. The approach of governmental policy regarding minorities in society essentially expresses that so as to have an incorporated society with equivalent open doors for all races, minorities must be given a favorable position to compensate for their impediments. This implies less qualified candidates are getting recruited and that understudies who don't meet the necessities for school affirmation are being acknowledged while qualified understudies are being dismissed, all dependent on race. The Constitution bans the rejection of minorities from anything dependent on shading, in this manner it is unlawful to bar whites dependent on similar standards. The exercise of extraordinary choices of the Supreme Court and the exercise of contemporary history have been the equivalent for in any event an age: separation based on race is illicit, improper, unlawful, intrinsically off-base, and damaging of popularity based society. †(Gross, 1) Affirmative activity is requesting that we disregard a ll that we’ve learned and even battled for. Since governmental policy regarding minorities in society is such an interesting issue and it influences our nation all in all, it’s imperative to know how the presidential competitors see this subject. VP Al Gore will in general kindness the strategy while Governor George Bush can't help contradicting it. Gore’s thought is â€Å"mend it, don’t end it. †(Al Gore) He says that governmental policy regarding minorities in society has done a great deal for

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Essay

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching - Essay Example The inquiry that looms over my brain at whatever point confronted with an absolutely new encounter is, ‘Am I prepared to take on the challenges?’ Without an answer, I for the most part continue to do what is asked, adhere to the standards, and trust in the best. Luckily, the methods for dealing with stress I apply have attempted to cause me to modify in time. Be that as it may, these systems, combined with a positive attitude, are not a confirmation to prevail in the college. There are abilities that I need to create so as to make it to the last occasion, the school graduation. Luckily, I am not the only one in confronting the difficulties of college life. The school, through its program, Introduction to Degree Studies (IDS) causes me to feel certain that help is accessible to worldwide understudies like me each time we need it. Steadily, the feelings of trepidation I had during the main seven day stretch of my examinations have changed into difficulties and later to und ertakings inferable from the taking in I picked up from the course. The requirements of another understudy, particularly a remote national, are not the same as the necessities of ordinary understudies. Customary understudies can adjust quicker to their condition notwithstanding being new to the college since they have emotionally supportive networks to manage them, for example, their family, companions, and network. Interestingly, remote understudies have nobody to go to in the midst of hardship. In spite of the fact that they can generally call up home or sign on the net to speak with their friends and family, it is as yet not equivalent to having their loved ones close to them particularly in the midst of hardship. This experience, notwithstanding the boundaries brought by language and culture, is aggravated by the battles outside understudies experience in adapting to class necessities. Considering the challenges that must be tended to by every understudy, IDS, with its objective of directing new understudies, is an astute exertion by the school. Through IDS, remote understudies are allowed to demonstrate their value and exceed expectations in scholastics. The qualities I picked up from going to IDS are vast. As a matter of first importance, the course has driven me to pick up experiences about myself as a student. The VARK appraisals done in the course have guided me to understand my learning potential and to improve my learning propensities. The activities educated me that I am a visual-sensation student. In light of this, I understood that I have a great deal to change about the manners in which I learn. My past learning propensities are not in accordance with being a visual-sensation student. Considering this, I have changed the manner in which I study, and make it a point presently to peruse my exercises while recording highlights simultaneously. Once in a while I utilized a whiteboard and a marker to write down my notes. Thusly, I get the opportunity to amplify my visual-sensation potential. By the by, I likewise attempt to build up my sound-related abilities by tuning in to some music or radio news before resting. Up until this point, this has helped me focus and imagine the words I hear even without seeing them. Besides, IDS has guided me to learn new abilities, which are similarly significant in college considers. One ability I improved with the assistance of IDS is my composing aptitude. Before, I never utilized a diagram to control my considerations recorded as a hard copy arrangements. I just composed whatever came up my psyche, and never tried to write down and arrange my thoughts before composing. Through IDS, I understood that all that I compose ought to be founded on a framework. There ought to be an appropriate presentation, body and end, or, more than likely the piece won't be viewed as a scholarly composition. The acquaintance arranges the perusers with the issue being handled in the content, while the end emphasize s the contentions introduced and gives the author’s separating message to tie up free endings.

Dearest grandmama

Dearest grandmama Hi all, I would like to share a story with you, a person who has been a source of inspiration to each and everyone of our family member.She is (was rather, she is no more) my grandmama. She was an affectionate woman who could win over anyone with her undying love, no matter what. Let me narrate to you, the story of her life, the trauma that no woman should ever undergo!She was the eldest of a family of 7 girls and 1 boy. Of these, 2 children died shortly after birth. Right now, only 2 of them are alive. At the age of 16, my grandma got married as a second wife to a 40 year old man. She lost her husband 1 year after her wedding. By Gods grace she had a son whom she considered a solace. But that didnt last, as the son passed away shortly too! Ultimately, by the age of 25 she lost her entire family! Nevertheless, she then dedicated her life towards the upbringing of each and every child in the family. This was the reason she was loved and respected by everyone in our family.Last year, by this same time, my marriage was fixed. Being the oldest grandchild in my family, she was very happy and said she would bring up my kid too! I was in tears and said of course you will have to! Shortly before my engagement, she had a fall one night when sleeping. It left her right hand fractured. There began all the trouble. She was 83 years old by then.At my engagement function, all she could do was sit quietly in one place. It was a hard hitting reality for all of us since we got used to seeing her doing the entire household chores all by herself!There was hardly a month left for my wedding. She developed a strange mental depression since that time, imagining things, fearing death, longing to see my wedding and the like. All of us assured her that she would be the first person to bless me at my wedding. But nature is inevitable as we all know.She was admitted in the ICU for nearly 20 days. All day we would stay at the hospital, praying for her. One fine day it happened-what we al l feared. She was no more, and left all of us teary-eyed.My dad was the eldest child in the family, so naturally he had to do the rites. But our family stopped him since I had my wedding the next month. We (me, dad, mum and sis) werent allowed to even see her face! Imagine our plight!At my wedding, her garlanded photo was in front of me and my husband. I was speechless, moved to tears. I knew, my dearest grandmama will bless me as ever!Even today, we dont feel her loss, I only feel why she isnt around to share our joys and sorrows.Id like to conclude by saying not only parents, grandparents need our affection and care! They are precious, do not lose them at any cost!!By visitor Shenba Srinivasan

Slavery in 19th Century America - Overview

Basic Vocabulary Youll Need to Go Shopping in France

If you are shopping in France, youll need to know the lingo. You could just stick with one shop or market, go in, pay and get out. But most of us do more than that in our search for the right product and the best bargain. You need to be able to read signs so that youre choosing the right shop, getting the best quality, ferreting out authentic bargains and speak intelligently with salespeople. Keep in mind that France (and most of Europe) may have megastores, but most people still shop at their local small shops in order to find the freshest, highest-quality products. So dont discount the words for specialty stores; you will need to know them. Shopping Vocabulary une à ©picerie  Ã‚  small grocery storele marchà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  farmers marketle supermarchà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  supermarketun hypermarchà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  superstore, giant supermarketla boucherie  Ã‚  butcher shopla boulangerie  Ã‚  bakeryla charcuterie  Ã‚  pork butchers shop and delicatessenla confiserie  Ã‚  candy storela crà ©merie, la laiterie  Ã‚  dairy  shopla fromagerie  Ã‚  cheese shople magasin de fruits et là ©gumes  Ã‚  greengrocerle marchand de vins  Ã‚  wine shopla pà ¢tisserie  Ã‚  pastry shopla poissonnerie  Ã‚  fish storela banque  Ã‚  bankla blanchisserie  Ã‚  laundryla  laverie automatique   laundromatla droguerie  Ã‚  drugstore / hardware storele grand magasin  Ã‚  department storele kiosque  Ã‚  newsstandle magasin de confection  femme/homme/enfants clothing store  for women, men, children;  magasin de và ªtements  Ã‚  clothing store in generalla pharmacie  Ã‚  pharmacyla poste  Ã‚  post officele pressing  Ã‚  dry cleanerla q uincaillerie  Ã‚  hardware storele tabac  Ã‚  tobacco shopfaire les courses  Ã‚  to do the  shopping [for essentials];  aller faire les courses to go shoppingfaire du shopping  Ã‚  to go shopping, to shop [for specific items such as shoes];  partir faire les magasins to go on a shopping trip/expeditionles soldes the sales; faire les soldes to shop the salesclient /  personne qui faire ses courses shopperà ªtre accro au shopping   to be a shopaholiccher  (chà ¨re) expensive; coà »ter cher   to be expensive  a bargain une affaire; a good bargain une bonne affaire;  bargain prices prix avantageuxmarchander to bargain, to haggle;  negocier, traiter avec quelquun to bargain with someoneheures  douverture business / shop hours  Ã‚  Ã‚   Expressions Related to Shopping Bon marchà ©:  can be translated as either inexpensive or cheap. Bon marchà ©Ã‚  can be both positive, indicating a reasonable price, and negative, insulting the products quality. Bon rapport qualità ©-prix:  The French expression  un bon rapport qualità ©-prix, sometimes written  un bon rapport qualità © / prix, indicates that the price of some product or service (a bottle of wine, car, restaurant, hotel) is more than fair. Youll often see it or a variation in reviews and promotional materials.  To talk about a better value, you can make the comparative or superlative form of bon, as in: un meilleur rapport qualità ©-prix   better valuele meilleur rapport qualità ©-prix  Ã‚  best value To say that something is not a good value, you can either negate the sentence or use an antonym: Ce nest pas un bon rapport qualità ©-prix. /  Ã‚  Il na pas un bon rapport qualità ©-prix.   Its not a good valueun mauvais rapport qualità ©-prix   poor valuele pire rapport qualità ©-prix   worst value While less common, its also possible to use a different adjective altogether, such as un rapport qualità ©-prix incroyable   amazing valueun rapport qualità ©-prix intà ©ressant   good valueun faible rapport qualità ©-prix   poor value Cest cadeau: is a casual, informal expression meaning  Its free. Its inexpensive. The underlying meaning is that  youre getting something extra that you werent expecting, like a freebie. It can be from a store, a boutique or a friend doing you a favor. It doesnt necessarily involve money. Note that Cest un cadeau with the article is a simple non-idiomatic, declarative sentence that means It is a gift. Noà «l malin: The informal French expression  Noà «l malin  refers to Christmas.  Malin means  something thats  shrewd or cunning. But this expression isn’t describing Christmas or the sales, but rather the consumer—the cunning consumer who is far too smart to pass up these amazing bargains. At least that’s the idea. When a store says  Noà «l malin, what they’re really saying is  Noà «l (pour le) malin (Christmas for the clever.) For example, Offres Noà «l malin Christmas offers [for the savvy shopper]   TTC: is an acronym that appears on receipts and it refers to the grand total that you owe for a given purchase. The initials TTC stand for  toutes taxes comprises  (all taxes included). TTC lets you know what you will actually be paying for a product or service. Most prices are quoted as TTC, but not all, so its essential to pay attention to the fine print. The opposite of  TTC  is  HT, which stands for  hors taxe; this is  the base price before the addition of the European Union-mandated  TVA  (value-added tax), which stands at 20 percent in France for most goods and services.

Ece 201 Free Essays

0Behavioral Support Plans Behavioral Support Plans ECE 201 Debra Lawrence Jan. 14, 2013 Behavior management plays an important role in early childhood education. Behavior management is important in early childhood education setting in order to develop and/or maintain some sort of order in the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Ece 201 or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the most important reason to have behavior management and/or rules in the early childhood education setting is the safety of the students and yourself as well. A child’s behavior not only frustrates their teacher but their parents as well. That’s when behavior management steps in because the teacher or parent has to find a way to manage the child’s behavior. Communication between home and school keeps the focus on what the child needs in order to be successful in life. When dealing with behavior management with a troubled child you have to be consistent. In this paper I will describe the purpose of behavior management in early childhood education setting, discuss three strategies teachers may use to determine the function of challenging behaviors and design an individual support plan for each of the challenging behaviors, and summarize the role of the teacher in designing and implementing a classroom behavior plan. The purpose of the behavior management system is to provide teachers with a plan to keep order in their classrooms. Discipline, communication skills, and social skills are basis of an effective management system. An effective behavior management system provides an organized learning environment for students and reduces stress and burnout among teachers. Working with kids you have to keep a positive mind at all times. You can never take your mind off your students and teaching at no times. Behavior management provides children with assistance and tools they need in order to learn how to appropriately behave at home and in a classroom setting. Behavior management is there for the purpose of assisting children display proper behaviors that is needed in learning environment. Teachers do this by teaching children appropriate behaviors and social behaviors that are expected and acceptable, children will learn these behaviors and exercise them at home and school. Behavior management include all of the actions and conscious inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable (Wikipedia. org). The overall purpose of behavior management is to assist young children in displaying behaviors that are conducive to learning and to teach social behaviors that are appropriate for home and school settings. Positive behavior training starts at home. If you began to train your kids at home from right and wrong then it affectively takes place at school. Sometimes it doesn’t always happen like that but if you let your children know that there will be repercussion then it will not be as bad. Developing strong behavior management skills in classroom skills is very important to bring forth to prevent burnout in the classroom. Most of the time student misconduct and teacher frustration with behavior issues often lead to work stress, job dissatisfaction, and loss of teachers as well as behavior problems with the students. Having behavior management in a classroom can keep teachers and their students on the same page. Behavior management has a huge impact on students along with their achievements and their will to learn. When a student has challenging behavior, it is the teacher’s role to help execute strategies to change and improve that behavior. Teachers should conduct a functional behavior assessment (FBA) as a first step in trying to understand why a student may be engaging in challenging behaviors. A FBA enables you to figure out the functions or purposes of the challenging behavior and to identify events in the environment that trigger and maintain it (Kaiser Raminsky, 2012). Three strategies that teachers may use to determine the functions of challenging by is providing. A functional behavioral assessment looks at problem behaviors by analyzing behaviors and the interventions of these behaviors. Functional behavior assessment is 1) understanding the nature and the causes of problem behaviors and 2) developing cost effective interventions for changing and/or reducing that behavior. Performing a functional behavioral assessment is done eight steps: The A-B-C paradigm of behavior analysis can be very useful in determining behaviors that need to be modified in young children. A- Is the conditions of stimulus before the behavior occurs, also known as the antecedent. B- is the behavior or response to the stimulus. C- is the result for the behavior. Together A-B-C forms an approach to behavior management called A-B-A which stands for applied behavior analysis. A-B-A focuses on changing/modifying behaviors that are operationally defined and observable. Behaviors are formed through manipulation of the environmental factors. They can be changed by altering the environment. They can also be changed by altering the response to the behavior. The antecedent sets the stage for a specific response to occur, while the consequence changes the probablility that the behavior will increase and/or decrease in the future. Alberto and Troutman, 1999). A functional behavioral assessment looks at problem behaviors by analyzing behaviors and the interventions of these behaviors. Functional behavior assessment is 1) understanding the nature and the causes of problem behaviors and 2) developing cost effective interventions for changing and/or reducing that behavior (Walker,1995). Performing a functional behavioral assessment is done eight steps: Defi ne the challenging behaviors. Identify the problem and/or challenging behavior(s) and define it in observable terms. It is useful for you to include examples of the behavior that you will measure. Make sure that when describing the child’s behavior(s) you are clear and specific 1. Define the challenging behaviors. Identify the problem and/or challenging behavior(s) and 2. define it in observable terms. It is useful for you to include examples of the behavior that you will measure. Make sure that when describing the child’s behavior(s) you are clear and specific. 3. Select and describe settings for observation. You should observe the behavior(s) in two or 4. three settings. The first setting is where the behavior first became a problem, one that is similar, and one that is quite different. Followed by where the behavior starts back up. Doing this will determine what is causing the problem behavior(s). You should always consider the environmental demands and/or the teacher’s expectations in each setting. This information could help provide an intervention plan for the child. (http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_view. aspx? ArticleID=255 3) Select the observation type, two types of observation are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative, is descriptive in nature. The observer begins with ideas about what will be observed and describes the behavior(s) that appears important. Quantitative, can be done only when the observer is watching what is happening. 4) Develop data collection procedures, can be collected using several different techniques. Documenting the frequency of the behavior(s) is important, the duration of the behavior(s), and the intensity of the behavior(s). If the behavior is not frequent a good solution might be event recording. Using a tally sheet helps to observe the child’s behavior continuously. Time interval is useful if the behavior(s) is done during a specific observation period. 5) Analyze the learning environment as it impacts child behavior(s), careful analysis of the physical environment can unveil information that is necessary to understand the underlying cause of a child’s behavior(s). 6) Interview others, a detailed interview allows individuals who have contact with the child the opportunity to review information about the child in more detail. These individuals can include nurses, other teachers, parents, siblings, and/or friends. ) Hypothesis of the behavior(s) function, the information gathered through child observation and/or interviewing others will be examined in this step to determine possible functions for the identified problem behavior(s). The function of the behavior(s) could be to obtain a desired outcome or to allow the child to avoid an undesirable outcome. http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_view. aspx? ArticleID=255 8) Develop a behavioral intervention plan, from the data gathered through observation, a clear description of the problem behavior(s) and perhaps patterns of the behavior(s) will form the basis for a plan. ttp://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_view. aspx? ArticleID=255 Positive behavioral support (PBS) helps understand and resolves a behavioral problem that a child might be having that is based on values and research. It offers an approach to develop an understanding of why the child engages in problem behavior and strategies to prevent the occurrence of problem behavior while teaching the child new skills. Positive behavior support offers a holistic approach that considers all factors that have an impact on a child and the child’s behavior. It can be used to address problem behaviors that range from aggression, tantrums, and property destruction to social withdrawal (challengingbehavior. org). To successfully implement positive behavior supports {PBS), it is essential that each of the of the following six steps is followed in the designated order: Building a Behavior Support Team; Person-Centered Planning; Functional Behavioral Assessment; Hypothesis Development; Behavior Support Plan Development; and Monitoring Outcomes. Building a Behavior Support Team is getting the parents, teachers and others together to that mostly is involved with the child the most. Person-Centered Planning is responsible for bring everyone together for the best interest of the child. Functional Behavioral Assessment is involving collecting data and observing the behavior. Hypothesis Development is what is known that triggers the said behavior. Behavior Support Plan Development is to summarize the data gathered from the functional assessment process and come up with a plan. Monitoring Outcomes are monitoring the effectiveness of the behavior support plan. Monitoring includes measurement the changes of the problem behavior and the achievements and outcome. Summarize the role of the teacher in designing and implementing a classroom behavior plan (challengingbehavior. org). Teachers have big responsibilities in taking part in making the Behavior Plan successful. The teacher is the one who has to follow through and implement the plan and make it consistently every day. It is the teacher who has to push forward even when it appears things isn’t going as planned. The How to cite Ece 201, Essay examples

A.E. Housman Scholar and Poet Essay Example For Students

A.E. Housman: Scholar and Poet Essay Alfred Edward Housman, a classical scholar and poet, was born in Fockbury in the county of Worcestershire, England on March 26, 1859. His poems are variations on the themes of mortality and the miseries of human condition Magill 1411. Most of Housmans poems were written in the 1890s when he was under great psychological stress, which made the tone of his poems characteristically mournful and the mood dispirited Magill 1411. In the world of Housmans poetry, youth fades to dust, lovers are unfaithful, and death is the tranquil end of everything Magill 1412. Throughout his life, Housman faced many hardships. The loss of his mother at age 12 shattered his childhood and left him with tremendous feelings of loneliness, from which he never fully recovered. His father began to drink as a result of his mothers death and began a long slide into poverty. When Housman went to college, he had a deep and lasting friendship with Moses Jackson. He had developed a passionate attachment and fallen in love with him. When the relationship did not work out, Housman plunged into a suicidal gloom which was to persist at intervals for the rest of his life. His declaration that I have seldom written poetry unless I was rather out of health, seems to support the opinion that emotional trauma greatly influenced his work. The only way to relieve himself from this state of melancholy was by writing Magill 1409. As a result of Housmans poor childhood and misfortunes, he devoted most of his life to erudition and poetry. He was educated at Bromsgrove school and won a scholarship to Oxford University, where he studied classical literature and philosophy. After graduating from Oxford, he became a professor of Latin, first at University College and later at Cambridge University. He was a knowledgeable and scholarly individual who was fluent in five languages Magill 1405. Over a period of fifty years, Housman gave many enlightening lectures, wrote numerous critical papers and reviews, and three volumes of poetry. In all of his poetry, Housman continually returns to certain preferred themes. The most common theme discussed in the poems is time and the inevitability of death. He views time and aging as horrible processes and has the attitude that each day one lives is a day closer to death Cleanth Brooks stated, Time is, with Housman, always the enemy. The joy and beauty of life is darkened by the shadow of fast approaching death Discovering Authors 7. He often uses symbolism to express death, therefore the reader has to look into the true meaning of the poem to see its connection with death. Another frequent theme in Housmans poetry is the attitude that the universe is cruel and hostile, created by a god who has abandoned it. R. Kowalczyk summed up this common theme when he stated: Housmans poetic characters fail to find divine love in the universe. They confront the enormity of space and realize that they are victims of Natures blind forces. A number of Housmans lyrics scrutinize with cool, detached irony the impersonal universe, the vicious world in which man was placed to endure his fated existence Discovering Authors 8. Housman believed that God created our universe and left us in this unkind world to fend for ourselves. The majority of Housmans poems are short and simple. It is not difficult to analyze his writing or find the true meaning of his poems. However, the directness and simplicity of much of Housmans poetry were viewed as faults. Many critics view Housmans poetry as adolescent, thus he is considered a minor poet. The range of meter that Housman uses varies from four to sixteen syllables in length. John Macdonald claims What is remarkable about Housmans poetry is the amount and the sublety variation within a single stanza, and the almost uncanny felicity with which the stresses of the metrical pattern coincide with the normal accents of the sentence Discovering Authors 11. Housman uses monosyllabic and simple words in his poetry, but the words that he chooses to use fit together rhythmically and express the idea with a clear image. To express his vivid images Housman uses epithets, which are words or phrases that state a particular quality about someone or something English Tradition 1399. Housman uses epithets sparingly, but when he uses them they are creative and original: such phrases as light-leaved spring, the bluebells of the listless plain, and golden friends make his poetry decorative and filled with imagery British Writers 162. In 1896, A Shropshire Lad was published at the expense of Housman himself. At the time, it made little impression on the critics, but the public took to the bittersweet poems which were, according to Housmans own definition of poetry, more physical that intellectual Untermeyer 609. The poems in A Shropshire Lad, Housmans most famous collection of verse, are generally simple, brisk, written in precise language, and contain regular rhythms. The appealing, facile rhymes in his poems contrast sharply with his despondent themes, which reflect both the pessimism of the late Victorian age and the grief in his own life English Tradition 849. The collection of poems that went into A Shropshire Lad were first written because Housman felt compelled to express his emotions at this time. Many of his poems relate directly or indirectly to his desire for Moses Jackson. A variety of the poems include images that refer to the landscape, the changing of seasons, the blossoming of trees and flowers, youth fading away, and death. Other poems were written at moments of fierce anger and revolt about certain social injustices Hawkins 144. Five of his poems that display his harsh and morose feelings towards love and life are Loveliest of Trees, When the Lad for Longing Sighs, When I Was One-and-Twenty, Bredon Hill, and With Rue my Heart is Laden. In addition, numerous poems in A Shropshire Lad deal with insight and discovery. B. J. Leggett claims The poems show an ongoing structure which carries the persona from innocence to knowledge or from expectation to disillusionment. Most of these are found in the first half of the volume, which concentrates on the innocents encounter with the unfamiliar world of death and change Leggett 63. Compare the poems 'Out, Out' by Robert Frost and 'Mid Term Break' by Seamus Heaney EssayIt is always sold because the giver receives something in return, and what he receives consists of the sorrows of love which inevitably entails. The fancy can be free only by being kept Leggett 66. The speaker of the poem relates his age, two-and-twenty, with experience and knowledge. When the speaker stated tis true, tis true he came to the realization that the wise man was giving useful advice and that he should not have given his heart away after all. Another technique that Housman uses in his poetry is shift of tone and mood. Usually the poems begin in a blithe manner and end in a negative and dismal mood. One of Housmans poems that employs a shift in perspective is Bredon Hill . Housman also incorporates the love and death theme in this poem. In summertime on Bredon The bells sound so clear ; Round both the shires they ring them In steeples far and near, A happy noise to hear. Here of a Sunday morning My love and I would lie; And see the coloured counties, And hear the larks so high About us in the sky. The bells would ring to call her In valleys miles away: Come all to church, good people; Good people, come pray. But here my love would stay. And I would turn and answer Among the springtime thyme, Oh, peal upon our wedding, And we will hear the chime, And come to church in time. But when the snows at Christmas On Bredon top were strown, My love rose up so early And stole out unbeknown And went to church alone. They tolled the one bell only, Groom there was none to see, The mourners followed after, And s o to church went she, And would not wait for me. The bells they sound on Bredon, And still the steeples hum. Come all to church, good people,- Oh, Noisy bells, be dumb; I hear you, I will come. In stanzas one and two the speaker is explaining how him and his lover spend many of their Sunday mornings on Bredon Hill listening to the church bells ring through the valleys. The church bells put him in a cheerful mood and are pleasant to listen to. The third stanza suggests that the bells are summoning the woman to church, but instead of making it to the church on time she decides to stay with her lover Ricks 72. In the fourth stanza the speaker and his love view the church bells as wedding bells. He states And we will hear the chime, And come to church in time. He is suggesting that they will be at the church when it is time for them to get married. In the fifth and sixth stanzas the shift in tone and mood is apparent. His lover has died and went to church alone. Therefore, she has rose up so early and gone to the church before their time. The happy tone that was displayed in the beginning of the poem has transformed into a morbid and dark tone. It is rather obvious that his lo ver has died when the phrases such astolled one bell only, Groom there was none to see, and mourners followed after are used. When the speaker states And so to church went she, And would not wait for me, he makes her death seem willing. He uses would not wait instead of could not wait, as if her failure to wait for him were a matter of her own choice Ricks 73. Cleanth Brooks states He views the girls death as if it were an act of conscious will, as if he has been betrayed by his lover, who stole out unbeknown, to meet another suitor Leggett 64. In the last stanza the speaker notes that the bells are still ringing, but they now represent funeral bells. Cleanth Brooks claims: All come to death; he will come to the churchyard too; but now that his sweetheart has been stolen from him, what does is matter when he comes. the bells whose sound was once a happy noise to hear have become a needless and distracting noisiness. The lover shuts them up as he might the disturbing prattle of a child: Oh, noisy bells, be dumb; I hear you, I will come Ricks 73. Another recurring theme in Housmans poetry is the loss of youth and beauty. Housmans youths sometimes die into nature and become part of the natural surroundings Discovering Authors 8. The poem With Rue my Heart is Laden deals with the fading away of youth and beauty and their burial in nature. With rue my heart is laden For golden friends I had, For many a rose-lipped maiden And many a lightfoot lad. By brooks too broad for leaping The lightfoot boys are laid; The rose-lipped girls are sleeping In fields where roses fade. In the first stanza the speaker is explaining how his heart is full of sorrow because all of his friends that were once golden, youthful, and beautiful are all dead. The adjective rose-lipped maiden is describing the speakers lady friends that were attractive, youthful, and vibrant. The term lightfoot lad is describing the speakers male friends that were handsome, athletic, and strong. In the second stanza the speaker is describing how the lightfoot boys now lay next to the brooks to broad for leaping that they could once leap in their youth. The rose-lipped girls are now sleeping in the fields where roses fade. These fields used to be beautiful and alive like the maidens once were, but the fields are also getting old and fading away Discovering Authors 8. In his roles as a classical scholar and poet, Housman exhibited an unswerving integrity. While this integrity served him well in his classical endeavors, in his poetry it may have relegated him to a rank below that of the major poets of his age Discovering Authors 4. Housman never has been a fashionable poet, yet he continues to maintain an audience and his reputation remains steady. The melancholy and pessimism in Housmans poems capture the attention of readers and is perhaps the reason why his poetry is still read and studied today. A. E. Housman was a human figure whose life and career were often moving as well as extraordinary.